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Home >> Spine Problems >> Neck Pain
Neck Pain
Overview | Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | FAQ
Overview
Like back strain, neck strain is an irritation to tendons, muscles
and ligaments in the upper back and neck area. Whiplash is characterized
by a collection of symptoms that occur following damage to the neck,
usually because of sudden extension and flexion, such as in a car
accident.
Causes
Sometimes neck strain can be brought on by an abrupt movement by the
neck, such as whiplash.
Symptoms
Symptoms such as neck pain may be present directly after the injury
or may be delayed for several days. In addition to neck pain, other
symptoms may include neck stiffness, injuries to the muscles and
ligaments (myofascial injuries), headache, dizziness, abnormal sensations
such as burning or prickling (paresthesias), or shoulder or back
pain. In addition, some people experience cognitive, somatic, or
psychological conditions such as memory loss, concentration impairment,
nervousness/irritability, sleep disturbances, fatigue or depression.
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Diagnosis
Outlined below are some of the diagnostic tools that your physician
may use to gain insight into your condition and determine the best
treatment plan for your condition. 
- Medical history: Conducting a detailed medical
history helps the doctor better understand the possible causes
of your back and neck pain which can help outline the most appropriate
treatment.
- Physical exam: During the physical exam, your physician
will try to pinpoint the source of pain. Simple tests for flexibility
and muscle strength may also be conducted.
- X-rays are usually the first step in diagnostic
testing methods. X-rays show bones and the space between bones.
They are of limited value, however, since they do not show muscles
and ligaments.
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses a magnetic
field and radio waves to generate highly detailed pictures of the
inside of your body. Since X-rays only show bones, MRIs are needed
to visualize soft tissues like discs in the spine. This type of
imaging is very safe and usually pain-free.
- CT scan/myelogram: A CT scan is similar to an MRI
in that it provides diagnostic information about the internal structures
of the spine. A myelogram is used to diagnose a bulging disc, tumor,
or changes in the bones surrounding the spinal cord or nerves.
A local anesthetic is injected into the low back to numb the area.
A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is then performed. A dye is injected
into the spinal canal to reveal where problems lie.
- Electrodiagnostics: Electrical testing of the nerves
and spinal cord may be performed as part of a diagnostic workup.
These tests, called electromyography (EMG) or somato sensory evoked
potentials (SSEP), assist your doctor in understanding how your
nerves or spinal cord are affected by your condition.
- Bone scan: Bone imaging is used to detect infection,
malignancy, fractures and arthritis in any part of the skeleton.
Bone scans are also used for finding lesions for biopsy or excision.
- Discography is used to determine the internal structure
of a disc. It is performed by using a local anesthetic and injecting
a dye into the disc under X-ray guidance. An X-ray and CT scan
are performed to view the disc composition to determine if its
structure is normal or abnormal. In addition to the disc appearance,
your doctor will note any pain associated with this injection.
The benefit of a discogram is that it enables the physician to
confirm the disc level that is causing your pain. This ensures
that surgery will be more successful and reduces the risk of operating
on the wrong disc.
- Injections: Pain-relieving injections can relieve
back pain and give the physician important information about your
problem, as well as provide a bridge therapy.
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Treatment
Treatment for individuals with neck strain may include pain medications,
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants, muscle relaxants,
and a cervical collar (usually worn for two to three weeks). Range of
motion exercises, physical therapy, and cervical traction may also be
prescribed. Supplemental heat application may relieve muscle tension.
Generally, prognosis for individuals with neck strain
is good. The pain clears within a few days or weeks. Most patients
recover within 3 months after the injury, however, some may continue
to have residual neck pain and headaches.
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FAQs
When is neck strain serious?
As with back pain, any time symptoms do not improve after three days,
it's a good idea to see a spine specialist. Also, red flag symptoms
like pain or numbness radiating into an arm, especially down into
the fingers, are emergency symptoms and should be seen by a spine
specialist within 48 hours, or you risk permanent damage. See our Exercise
Library for helpful neck exercises.
How can I prevent neck strain?
You can minimize your risk of experiencing neck strain by strengthening
the muscles and ligaments in your neck, avoiding contact sports and
driving cautiously.
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